Webhook error fixes

• Stripe: “No signatures found matching the expected signature for payload” — how to fix
  Why Stripe webhook verification throws “No signatures found matching the expected signature for payload” and the exact fixes for Express, Next.js and Flask.
• Stripe webhook “Timestamp outside the tolerance zone” — causes and fixes
  What Stripe's “Timestamp outside the tolerance zone” webhook error means, and how to fix clock drift, delayed retries and replayed test events.
• Stripe webhooks in Express: “Webhook payload must be provided as a string or a Buffer” and the raw body
  Fix Stripe's “Webhook payload must be provided as a string or a Buffer” in Express: give constructEvent the raw body, and keep express.json() off the webhook route.
• Shopify webhook HMAC verification failing: how to fix X-Shopify-Hmac-Sha256 mismatches
  Why your Shopify webhook HMAC check fails, covering the raw body, base64 vs hex, and the wrong secret, with working Express, Flask and FastAPI code.
• Gumroad Ping not arriving at your webhook: checklist and fixes
  Gumroad sale pings not reaching your server? Check the Ping URL, form-encoded bodies, HTTPS, and response codes, and see how to verify a ping is real.
• Stripe webhook 400 in Next.js: "No signatures found matching the expected signature for payload"
  Fix Stripe webhook signature failures in Next.js, including “Webhook payload must be provided as a string or a Buffer”: read the raw body with req.text() or disable bodyParser.
• Stripe webhook failing with 301, 302, 307 or 308 redirect: how to fix
  Stripe treats any 3xx response to a webhook as a failed delivery. Fix www/apex, http to https, trailing-slash and Next.js middleware redirects on your webhook URL.
• Shopify webhook not firing or failing (401, timeouts, removed subscriptions): checklist
  Why Shopify webhooks stop arriving: non-2xx or 3xx responses, the 5-second timeout, subscriptions removed after 8 failed retries, HMAC rejections returning 401, and wrong secrets.
• Stripe webhook "timed out": why deliveries fail and how to respond fast enough
  Stripe marks a webhook delivery failed when your endpoint is too slow. Return 2xx before doing slow work, queue the rest, and recover missed events with delivery_success=false.
• Stripe webhook duplicate events: making your handler idempotent
  Stripe can deliver the same webhook event more than once, and out of order. De-duplicate on event.id, handle the rare double Event case, and don't rely on event order.
• GitHub webhook signature mismatch: fixing X-Hub-Signature-256 verification
  Why your GitHub webhook X-Hub-Signature-256 check fails: no secret set, SHA-1 header, parsed body, form content type, wrong secret, or a proxy changing the payload. Working Node and Python code.
• PayPal IPN not received or IPN listener not working: troubleshooting checklist
  Why your PayPal IPN listener gets nothing or INVALID: check IPN History, return an empty 200, post back with cmd=_notify-validate to the right sandbox or live URL, and avoid redirects.
• Lemon Squeezy webhook signature verification failed: fixing X-Signature checks
  Lemon Squeezy signs webhooks with an HMAC-SHA256 hex digest of the raw body in X-Signature. Fix parsed bodies, wrong signing secrets and bad comparisons, with Node, Next.js and PHP code.
• Paddle webhook signature verification failed: Paddle-Signature (ts and h1) explained
  How Paddle Billing signs webhooks: HMAC-SHA256 of ts:rawBody with your notification destination secret, sent as Paddle-Signature ts=...;h1=.... Fix raw-body, secret and timestamp issues.
• Stripe checkout.session.completed not firing or not received: checklist
  Why your webhook never gets checkout.session.completed: event not selected, wrong mode or account scope, Connect, CLI vs Dashboard endpoints, async payment methods, or failed deliveries.
• Square webhook signature verification failed: fixing x-square-hmacsha256-signature
  Square signs webhooks with HMAC-SHA256 over your exact notification URL plus the raw body, base64-encoded. Fix URL mismatches, wrong signature keys and parsed bodies, with Node and Python code.
• Twilio webhook signature validation failed (X-Twilio-Signature): causes and fixes
  Why X-Twilio-Signature validation fails: proxy or ngrok URL mismatch, http vs https, re-encoded URLs, query params passed twice, wrong Auth Token, or JSON bodies. Node and Python fixes.
• Stripe: “Unable to extract timestamp and signatures from header” — how to fix
  Stripe throws “Unable to extract timestamp and signatures from header” when the value you pass isn't the Stripe-Signature header. Causes and fixes for Node, Next.js and Python.
• stripe.SignatureVerificationError in Python (FastAPI, Django, Flask): how to fix
  Fix stripe.SignatureVerificationError in Python: what each message means, and working FastAPI, Django and Flask webhook handlers that verify the raw body.
• Stripe: “No stripe-signature header value was provided” — how to fix
  Why Stripe says “No stripe-signature header value was provided”: header-name casing, API Gateway and Lambda, proxies, and test requests. Fixes for Express, Next.js, FastAPI and Django.

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